Facilitation and Education Skills Practice Development

Question: Discuss about the Facilitation and Education Skills for Practice Development. Answer: Nurses work in an environment where they experience numerous issues. These issues may affect the client and the quality of care. These problems can create tension between the staff and also negatively affect the morale, relationships and productivity. Nurses all over the world are challenged to adapt and change to meet the needs of the populations they serve. Over the past two decades nursing is has been a part of the movement that had gone through a lot of change. It was realized only in the mid 90s that knowledge was not enough but transformation of this knowledge in the clinically useful form is needed for better patient outcomes. In the report Future of nursing it is clearly mentioned that it is crucial that we focus on the convergence of quality, new functions and knowledge in nursing. In this essay we would look into the clinical issue of medication administration errors and how an understanding of adult learning theory may assist the facilitation of practice development in thi s clinical issue. We will also learn how facilitation can assist in approaching this issue. Medication administration errors (MAEs) is a scenario that not only costs in financial terms but it can also cost a patient life. These errors can range from inaccurate dosage, missed dosage, wrong timing and dose omission. According to a study done in the US medication administration errors are responsible for about 7000 preventable deaths each year. According to study conducted by Berdot, et al in the year 2012 medication errors do occur in healthcare fields such as anesthesia and medicine but shockingly they are fairly common in nursing(Berdot, 2012). The consequences of these errors are not limited to the patient but can affect the health professional that is involved in these types of medication administration error. Professionals who commit these errors are at a high risk of psychological issues and distress and have been reported to suffer episodes of self-harm. These errors occur in 20% of doses in hospitals worldwide(Cho, 2014). In case of medication errors data from Nationa l Patient Safety Agency shows that 1 out of 10 patients experience drug related harm. MAEs are reported to be second in risk areas that account for unnecessary harm to the patients in the study conducted by Lap Fung Tsang, Tak Kwan Yuk, So Yuen Alice Sham titled How to change nurses behavior leading to medication administration errors using a survey approach in United Christian Hospital(Tsang, 2014). They stressed that nurses spend one third of their time on medication administration activities. Over the past decade many educational researchers and psychologists have developed many theories to explain how adults acquire, deploy and organize knowledge and skills. Given that medical education involves adults it is quite logical to focus on adult learning theories to assist in approaching this clinical issue. The facilitation of the learning process involves assisting adults to act and make sense of occupational, political, personal and social environment. Learning can be defined as a permanent change in the mental processing, emotional behavior and emotional functioning as a result of an experience. This is dynamic lifelong process through which the individual acquires new skills or knowledge and alter their feelings, attitudes, actions and thoughts. Whether the learning theories are used in combination or they are used singly they have too much to offer to healthcare. Medical administration errors are often human errors (Ebrahimipour H, 2016).Human activities are cognitive activities. Therefore it is not surprising to say that human errors occur due to the inadequate processing of information in cognitive tasks. Thus the use of cognitive learning theory for the prevention of medication administration errors is well understood. Cognition as the word means is the process of thought. Cognitive psychologists believe that learning process is an internal process that focuses on consciousness, thinking, organizing and understanding (Owen, 2016).Cognitive leaning theory can help in reducing medication administration errors as learning is not done by only changing behavior. But according to Wertheimer and other Gestalt psychologists memorizing is an ineffective method to learn, as it wont work in real life. Instead according to them the real learning occurs through discovery and understanding of the underlying issues. Bruner define the cognitive learning process with three modes that are practical, abstract and visual. For example if a nursing student is being taught about blood pressure monitoring without being told about the importance of normal blood pressure they would learn this in an inactive stage(Collins, 2013).Thus for future they would get an image of a rubber pump, with numerous tubes as an image for taking blood pressure as they motion through the process. In comparison the student who reaches each stage gradually can define blood pressure, knows its importance and would even know the effect of environmental resistance. Why we think that medical errors are more of a cognitive errors it is because cognitive factors are important in medical errors. For example sometimes when medical administration errors occurs due to human computer interaction, in which the cognitive factors of interactions between a hu man and a computer affect the human behavior. Another level at which these MAEs occur are when the social dynamics in a group of people in a distributed cognitive system is interacted with complex technology(LYNCH, 2011). The issue arises when the computer support and distributed cognitive functions due not work to result in a positive cooperative work. There are other factors like communications, organizational structure, standardization of work, national regulations, institutional functions (guidelines and policies) and coordination that can lead to MAEs. Gestalt theory is called the leader of cognitive theories as this theory support the learning process through presentation of images or information that contain elements and gaps and should not fit properly (Weant, 2014).This will make the learner use their problem solving skills and critical thinking. Therefore the learner will not get answers easily but they must examine in order to find the answer. This theory purports that individual strategies will teach the learner to discover what was blocking them from further learning something new. Other theories are all derived from Gestalt theory of cognitive development. The individual that is administering the medicine is at the last of the chain and often these are nurses (Taylor, 2013)Although they may not be the root cause of these MAEs they can successfully stop the error at this individual stage through the help of cognitive interventions. Here metacognition helps which is about thinking about our thinking which states that we shou ld intervene in our thinking process and should rethink about the action. The goal here is to train our mind into recognizing inappropriate cognitive steps or shortcuts and immediately correct the course of thinking or action. What do cognitive theories have to say about adult learning and why facilitation and practice development crucial for adult learning. Although the cognitive stages are developing sequentially when we grow but some adults may not reach the operational stage. For these adults explicitly concrete approaches are needed. This is where practice development and facilitation helps. Practice development is a continuous process of developing person centered culture. For adult learners the question of why the thing that they are learning is important is crucial. In an adult learning atmosphere instructors have a facilitator role rather than being a teacher or lecturer. A facilitator can be described as a guide to learning and less of a transmitter of knowledge. Facilitat ors allow the adult learners to learn on their terms by only steering them towards critiquing, analyzing and assessing information. Many gerontologists and adult development psychologists support this as they say that adults have advanced stages of reasoning that are beyond formal operational stages. For example only when we are adults we are able to synthesize information, effectively integrate it and contradict it. This fully supports the facilitation process in adult learning as facilitators are allowing the adult learners to learn on their terms by only steering them towards critiquing, analyzing and assessing information. Thirdly the adult learners have experience which is demonstrated in their level of reasoning. Practice development is enabled by the facilitators who engage the teams and individuals to blend their creative imagination and personal qualities with practice wisdom and practice skills. (Rezaei-Adaryani, 2012) A significant advantage of cognitive theory in a healthcare setting is its recognition and appreciation of diversity and individuality about the learning process of different people. These theories highlight the variation in learners active structuring of their perceptions. But the challenge that comes with these theories for the facilitators and educators is that they have to identify each and every learners cognitive development and social influences that is affecting their learning (Karimi Moonaghi, 2014).For nursing these adult learning theories and practice development can help in reducing errors such as MAEs. According to the data from UK alone it was seen that 9 % of inpatients who experience drug related harm suffer needlessly as there harm was preventable. These MAEs are costing millions to the healthcare organizations. Practice development for double checking is a practice that can help in reducing these errors. Many times nurses fail to double check the doses as it is time consuming, which discourages them to take responsibility for the medicines (Seidling, 2013).A facilitator can discuss with nurses how double checking would reduce errors on their part(Chang, 2011).They have to make sure that the RN or physician that they are going to get it double checked is not only glancing and agreeing for the dose but is actually paying attention to the dosage. This would be called talking each other through the mistakes. This would ensure that the nurses that are administering the drugs would be more confident and therefore more happier.(Dror, 2011) Practice development is getting recognized worldwide in using a systematic approach to deliver a person centered care and to transform work cultures. In healthcare and nursing there are cultures that either impede or invite participation from patients and health professionals. Through the practice development methods everyone involved gets an opportunity to participate. In a healthcare setting practice development takes into consideration the enabling factors and attributes of the workplace and also consider the clinical issue in order to provide effective and safe healthcare. For MAEs facilitators have to cooperatively inquire about the nurses schedule inquiring about their workload, shift timings etc. This would help them in understanding the factors that are contributing to these MAEs. Strategies such as providing critical constructive feedback for oneself would help in self-learning. This will give the participant an ability to evaluate. This could be done in a group or individually (Kolanowski, 2015). These group sessions can include debate and lively sessions alongside quite session for personal critical reflection. This kind of environment would provide challenge but with high support, receiving feedback would promote critical reflection. Facilitation is multifaceted and has to be robust and enlightening to the participants. The fundamental factor for any facilitation process for adults is the use of adult learning theories or principles in exploration and participation in a challenging but safe learning environment. The facilitators have the job of working with the staff to become unified and to make sense of their turbulent, and complex workplace (Vaughn, 2015).Through these sessions the nurses are exposed to their learning needs and are reviewed how they can use learning styles to address these needs. The concept of using facilitation, practice development and adult learning theories for MAEs has face validity and still a lot of research is needed to determine whether interventions really have significant effect in reducing these errors. As information related to medication errors is sensitive and not always reported. Therefore the accuracy of the data can never be believed (Westbrook, 2015).There is an abundance of chance in the healthcare setting for medication errors therefore there is a need for f undamental directive that can improve the safety of patients worldwide. Bibliography Berdot, S. S. (2012). Evaluation of drug administration errors in a teaching hospital. BMC Health Services Research, 45-51. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221695696_Evaluation_of_drug_administration_errors_in_a_teaching_hospital Chang, Y. a. (2011). Effects of Learning Climate and Registered Nurse Staffing on Medication Errors. Nursing Research, 32-39. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49654354_Effects_of_Learning_Climate_and_Registered_Nurse_Staffing_on_Medication_Errors Cho, I. P. (2014). Understanding the Nature of Medication Errors in an ICU with a Computerized Physician Order Entry System. PLoS ONE, 114243.https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/13581057/4272266.pdf?sequence=1 Collins, A. a. (2013). Cognitive control over learning: Creating, clustering, and generalizing task-set structure. Psychological Review, 190-229. https://ski.clps.brown.edu/papers/CollinsFrank_psyrev.pdf Dror, I. S. (2011). A cognitive perspective on technology enhanced learning in medical training: Great opportunities, pitfalls and challenges. Medical Teacher, 291-296. Ebrahimipour H, H. S. (2016). Evaluation of Medication Errors by Nurses in Hospitals Affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Patient Saf Qual Improv, 400-404. https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_7168_326dfedb7bf4183d8e7b678dc7ca04b2.pdf Karimi Moonaghi, H. A. (2014). A Qualitative Content Analysis of Knowledge Storage in Nursing Education System.l. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 65-67. www.jblearning.com/samples/0763752258/52258_CH02_Roux.pdf Kolanowski, A. V. (2015). "Wish we would have known that!Communication Breakdown Impedes Person-Centered Care. The Gerontologist, 55(Suppl 1), S50-S60. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278046808_Wish_we_would_have_known_that_Communication_Breakdown_Impedes_Person-Centered_Care Laird, E. M. (2015). Patients experiences of in-hospital care when nursing staff were engaged in a practice development programme to promote person-centredness: A narrative analysis study. International Journal of of Nursing Studies,, pp.1454-1462. https://www.fons.org/Resources/Documents/Journal/Vol3No1/IDPJ_0301_02.pdf LYNCH, B. M. (2011). Development of a model of situational leadership in residential care for older people. Journal of Nursing Management, 1058-1069. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.470.4720rep=rep1type=pdf Owen, L. (2016). Emerging from physiotherapy practice, masters-level education and returning to practice: a critical reflection based on Mezirows transformative learning theory. International Practice Development Journal, 1-9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310405919_CRITICAL_REFLECTION_ON_PRACTICE_DEVELOPMENT_Emerging_from_physiotherapy_practice_masters-level_education_and_returning_to_practice_a_critical_reflection_based_on_Mezirow%27s_transformative_learning_theo Rezaei-Adaryani, M. S. (2012). Nursing image: An evolutionary concept analysis. Contemporary Nurse, 81-89. Seidling, H. L. (2013). Safeguarding the process of drug administration with an emphasis on electronic support tools. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 25-36. Taylor, D. a. (2013). Adult learning theories: Implications for learning and teaching in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 83. Medical Teacher, 1561-e1572. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256447746_Adult_learning_theories_Implications_for_learning_and_teaching_in_medical_education_AMEE_Guide_No_83 Tsang, L. Y. (2014). How to change nurses behavior leading to medication administration errors using a survey approach in United Christian Hospita. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 78-82. www.sciedu.ca/journal/index.php/jnep/article/download/4826/3323 Vaughn, S. M. (2015). The Competency Model for Professional Rehabilitation Nursing. Rehabilitation Nursing, pp.33-44. https://www.rehabnurse.org/uploads/files/pdf/2016/RNJ225.pdf Weant, K. B. (2014). Strategies for reducing medication errors in the emergency departmen. Open Access Emergency Medicine, 45. https://www.dovepress.com/strategies-for-reducing-medication-errors-in-the-emergency-department-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OAEM Westbrook, J. L. (2015). What are incident reports telling us? A comparative study at two Australian hospitals of medication errors identified at audit, detected by staff and reported to an incident system. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 1-9.

The Child By Tiger Essays - Huckleberry Finn, Jim, Conscience

The Child By Tiger The idea Miss Watson has of Huck Finn being a dirty, nasty, vulgar little boy who smokes, swears, and stays away from Sunday school is not a justifiable description of him. Huck's character goes much deeper. Huck is a literal-minded, imaginative, trustworthy boy who is greatly impacted by the inhuman ways of society. His society driven conscience is in constant conflict with his free, loyal heart. A mind of the greatest literalness is represented by Huck and what he calls his ?conscience?. Huck's conscience is the belief in the inhuman rights of slave owners not to be deprived of their property. Huck's conscience is a portrayal of the moral values of society. The idea of slavery is drilled by society into every one of its members, including the otherwise free tramp like Huck- and the ?natural?, human rights of Jim. Huck's heart follows the opposite views of his conscience. Huck has been listening to Jim's excited talk about what he will do when he is free and it has disturbed what Huck calls his conscience. Conscience says to me, ?What had poor Miss Watson don't to you that you could see her nigger go off right under your eyes and never say one single word? What did that poor women do to you that you could treat her so mean' (92) Jim, as a man, has the right to be free. Huck does not realize this because of the views society has instilled in him. Jim has the right to love his wife and yearn for his children. Jim has the determination to work and save up his money and never spend a scent in order to buy his children out of slavery. The final plan he considers, getting ?an Ab'litionist to go and steal? (93) his children if their owner refuses to sell them. The consideration of this plan is a shock to Huck's conscience that awakens him to the wickedness of consorting with Jim and helping him run away from the society-conforming Miss Watson. Miss Watson ho lds Jim in chattel slavery and Huck in the more subtle slavery of civilized conduct. Huck's conscience is thus badly shaken by Jim's wicked talk of stealing his children from an innocent owner. He decides that it is his moral duty to betray Jim. This decision is a great relief to him, and the minute they sight a town he sets off in the canoe to find somebody to capture Jim. Unluckily, as he is leaving Jim says to him, ?I'se a free man, en I couldn't ever been free ef it hadn't been for Huck?you's de bes' fren' Jim's ever had; en you's de only fren' ole Jim's got now? (93). This innocent expression of human affection and gratitude is very ill-timed for Huck; as he says, ?I was paddling off, all in a sweat to tell on him; but when he says this it seemed to kind of take the tuck all out of me? (93). As a result, when on some men in a canoe who are actually looking for runaway slaves Huck finds he is not ?man enough? to betray Jim. This explains Huck's loyalty and dedication to keeping his promise to Jim- his promise not to turn Jim in for escaping slavery. Instead he fi nds himself inventing and performing with great skill a complicated lie that persuades the men in the canoe not to go near the raft where Jim is hiding: he makes them believe- he never says so himself- that there are three people with small pox on the raft. Not only does this illustrate that Huck has a great level of imagination it shows the he has a profound knowledge of human nature. This knowledge allows him to create stories, which play upon the selfishness and pettiness of society. He is deeply discouraged to find himself acting this way, as if he ?hadn't the spunk of a rabbit? (94). ?I knowed very well,? he says, ?that I had done wrong, and I see it warn't no use for me to try to learn to do right; a body that don't get started right when he's little ain't got no show- when the

Heart of darkness 6

Heart of darkness 6 Comparative Essay between Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now The ties between Joseph Conrad's book, Heart of Darkness and Francis Coppola's movie, Apocalypse Now are unmistakable. Apocalypse Now's accuracy in following the story line of the Heart of Darkness is amazing although the settings of each story are from completely different location and time periods. From the jungle of the Congo in Africa to the Nung river in Vietnam, Joseph Conrad's ideals are not lost. In both the book and the movie, the ideas of good and evil, whiteness, darkness, and racism are apparent. Also, characterization in both the novel and the movie are very similar.Both The Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now examine the good and evil in humans. In The Heart of Darkness, Marlow speaks of Fresleven who was killed in a fight with some natives. The argument between Fresleven and the natives was over some chickens, and Fresleven felt he had been ripped off in the deal.James Hardie Jr. and wife, Rev. Willard (L OC)Marlow describes Fresleven as "the gentlest, quietest creature that ever walked on two legs."(p. 13 Conrad) However, later in the same paragraph Marlow says,"he probably felt the need at last of asserting his self-respect in some way. Therefore he whacked the old nigger mercilessly."(p. 13 Conrad) Soldiers in combat are forced to bring the evil within themselves out every time they go into battle. The scene in Apocalypse Now where Captain Willard first meets Lt. Colonel Kilgore exhibits the power combat has in bringing out the dark side in humans. The attitude the soldiers have towards their enemy in the scene shows how evil humans can be. Kilgore demonstrates his dark side when he tosses the "death cards" on to the bodies of the dead Vietcong without showing any remorse over the death of fellow humans. The Vietcong...

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Strategic Management - Essay Example The intention of this study is the Gulf Agency Company as a worldwide leading supplier of delivery, logistics marine, and solutions tasks in the world market. Since the company started its operations, it has expanded its region coverage to many worldwide customers through the provision of valuable and quality products and services. It is a world number one provider of significant shipping and marine industries in all geographical regions. The GAC provides the promises formulated on the mission statement of the company through the provision of the services that combine expertise and experience within the shipping, logistics and the company solution and marine fields. Great flexibility about the company approach methods used to strategic planning and the concepts of mission, objectives, and goals provide valuable information that gives the overall implementation guidelines about crucial elements of strategic action planning. The strategic of the GAC Company will analyze the goals using three different levels: 1. Strategic is the highest level of the organization, responsible for identifying the company goals and functioning strategic planning. In this level, we will aim at long-term goals. 2. Tactical or middle level is the middle level is responsible for linking the strategic and operational levels, defining tactical goals, and performing tactical planning on the selected goals. 3. Operational or low level is the basis of the planning and is associated to the actual accomplishment of tasks. In this level, operational planning defines the goals of the company. Formulating the Goals To accomplish strategic planning, the method used is the Balanced Score Card (BSC) that describes strategies and manages its execution, linking goals, action, and indicators. The BSC recommend an analysis of goals based on the performance indicators using the four perspectives: Financial Customer Internal Business process Learning and Growth To achieve an established strategic planning we have to implement the strategies at a lower level of the company. This requires the dividing strategic planning into tactical planning that understand and the middle level. In the GAC Company, the tactical goals will recount to issues like shipping, marketing, and training of the staff members. The tactical goals relating to shipping indicate that the company needs to improve its shipping process and products in the market. Therefore, in analyzing of the GAC goals, we will focus on tactical goals related to shipping as the company improvement goals. The actions allow the execut ion on the operational level that is operational processes and products. In the strategic planning, the company needs to define the company goals, the cost, and schedule and quality requirements of the company. In addition, it is vital to plan how to monitor and control the defined goals. In the GAC Company, the control of the goals depends on the shipping measures; thus, the company needs to plan how to measure their shipping processes and products. Defining and monitoring strategically aligned the GAC improvement goals. Figure 1: Adapted from Babar, Product-Focused Software Process Improvement Depending on the defined indicators, it can be

Golden strait corpn v nippon yusen kubishika kaisha 2007 ukhl Essay

Golden strait corpn v nippon yusen kubishika kaisha 2007 ukhl - Essay Example During this time, the question of the Gulf war breaking out was only a possibility rather than a certainty. While the charterers were appealing this decision, they made an offer to accept the vessel back on the same terms as before, on 7 February, 2003. The owners rejected the offer of the charterers on the basis of para 10 of the agreement where provision was made for cancellation by both parties in the event of a war. By 2003, the situation had changed from what it was in 2001; the question of war was a certainty, not a possibility. Hence, the charterers were allowed to limit damages up to 2003, since the charter would have been cancelled anyway when the war broke out. The owner appealed for damages.2 The majority opinion in this case supported the position of the charterers and allowed for damages to be calculated only up 2003. The principles of certainty and finality of contract were held to be subordinate to the greater importance of achieving an accurate assessment of damages based on actual losses incurred.3 The major grounds on which Lord Bingham and Lord Walker offered dissenting opinions in this case was that of (a) certainty of contract and (b) the date of calculation of damages on the date of repudiation4. Lord Bingham stated that contracts are made to be performed, not broken; as a result it should be more advantageous to keep to contractual terms rather than break them. The original contract called for a charter period of seven years, hence when the parties entered into the contract, there was an implication of certainty in the contract which made breaking the contract a losing proposition for either party. There was a war clause included in the contract, allowing either party to rescind the contract if there was a strong possibility of war breaking out. However, this element of uncertainty by no means detracted from the performance of the contract that was required as of 2001, when the charterers chose

Effects of Divorce Essay Example for Free

Effects of Divorce Essay Divorce can be defined as the termination of a marital union, the canceling of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage and the dissolving of the bonds of matrimony between married couples (Wikipedia, 2013). Divorce affects the couple and children (if any). The divorce is the most serious social problem that affects almost the entire life of the children and the couple, it also makes troubles like: sadness, despair, and unforgettable moments (Williams, 2013). In this paper, I will be discussing the factors contributing to divorce in Canada and will also explain certain statistics used as well. The methodologies that I will be using are both the qualitative and quantitative approach. The reasons I am using both of them are because by using the quantitative research, I will develop mathematical hypotheses pertaining to the phenomena. Also to analyze this topic with the use of statistics to make it somewhat accurate, while for quantitative; because it will explain in word data about my information. I strongly believe that these two forms of methodology will properly explain the factors contributing to divorce. The history of the legalization of divorce in Canada predates that of its colonial overseer, England, where it was only in 1857 that divorce was legislated, mainly on grounds of adultery. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island respectively enacted divorce laws in 1761, 1791, and 1837, generally on grounds of adultery (Wu Schimmele, 2009). It was not until 1968 that Canada enacted its first unified Federal Divorce Act, which was followed by the more liberal or no fault act of 1985 and it was mentioned that the sole reason for divorce is marriage breakdown, which is defined as either living apart for at least one year, or committing adultery, or treating the other spouse with physical or mental cruelty. Though divorce rates have not increased recently in Canada, the number of divorced persons is however increasing with population growth. In 2007, there were 972,183 divorced women and 712,531 divorced men in the population (Statistics Canada, 2007). The difference between the men and women is because divorced men re-partner faster and more than women and also because women live longer than men.

A lEsson Befor dying Essay -- essays research papers

A Lesson Before Dying For my final book review I read the novel A Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gains. The book took place in the 1940 right after the great depression. A society stricken by poverty is depicted early in the book. The atmosphere in the first chapter is leading us into the idea of: how can justice prevail in a society dominated by a single group of people? If this story took place in modern day I believe that question would not be as relevant as it is in the forty’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grant Wiggins, one of the main characters is a teacher at an elementary school, Grant is a very bitter man for being so young, maybe it is because he has known nothing but segregation and racisms his whole life, growing up in Louisiana. Over the course of the novel, he learns to accept responsibility for his own life, for his relations with other people, and for the condition of Southern society. Jefferson is another one of the main characters; Jefferson is a black man who is described as being sensitive and kind of stupid. Jefferson is accused for a murder and faces the death penalty, he becomes very depressed waiting on death row because he feel so worthless in a white dominate world, but Grant befriends him and helps him out before he dies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jefferson is convicted of murder, while in his cell the hears his own lawyer call him a hog, this upsets him very much and he realizes how the white dominate the world and that justice can no...